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1. Following Ceremonies Which Are Performed During A Sun Movement Based Year (Shamsi), And Are Mostly Preserved From Before Islam Appearance.
2. Following Ceremonies Which Are Performed During A Moon Movement Based Year (Ghamari), That Are Mostly Religious Ceremonies.
3. The Ceremonies Which Are Performed During The Lifetime Of Each Person, Including All Ceremonies From Birth To Death 4. The Ceremonies Which Do Not Belong To Any Of Above And Are Performed In Special Cases Such As Quest For Rainfall In Sun Movement Based Year. The Last Thursday Of The Year (Chahar Shanbeh Souri) It Is Called Chahar Shanbeh Souri But Has Also Some Other Names. For Instace It Is Called The Red Wednesday (Chahar Shanbeh Sorkhi) In Isfahan Or The Last Wednesday (Chahar Shanbeh Akhar) In Fars Province t Is Traditional That People Make Fire With Brushwoods and Jump Up The Fire. While Jumping, People Wish For Avoid ness Of Disaster and Also For Health And Peace. Jumping Is Usually Alongwith Singing. In Khor And Anarak Which Are Located At the Corner Of Iran Big Champ, People Throw The Fire From Their Roof To The Alley And Break A Water Jar On It In Naeen, People Do The Same On The Last Wednesday Of Safar (The Ghamari Month) And Also Put A Coin In The Jar. To Avoid From Bad Fate And Bad Insight, People Troll A Coke And Salt Jar Around Themselves Then Throw It Away In Some Of Khorasan Provine Places. This Ceremony Is Performed In Kerman With Some Detailed Changes Too. There Is Showel Throwing Ceremony In Kordestan And West Azerbaijan Provinces Which Is For Asking Foods Just Like Spoon Striking Ceremony And Mostly Is For Joy. In Such A Day, People Also Nut For Chahar Shanbeh Souri. On This Day In Some Parts Of Iran, People Poured Some Nuts And Vegetables on The Fire Of Chahar Shanbe Souri. And Did Overhear Behind The Homes’ Doors. Norooz (The First Day Of Spring) Norooz Is The First Day Of Spring. Norooz Ceremony Is A Collection, Which Began Before The Beginning Of Main Ceremony. And Continues Till Few Days After Main Ceremony. The Scouters Of Norooz Promise Upcoming Spring With Joy And Singing Poems. They Are Called Hadji Firooz Or Norooz Khan. Norooz Is The Greatest Ceremony In Sun Year The Pioneer Of Norooz Attributed To Different People By Different Ways In Various Texts, For Instance Jamshid The Great, The Ancient King Of Iran Is Called As The Pioneer For This Ceremony After Entering Islam To Iran, It Was Attributed to Soleyman The Messanger Of God. Some People In Ardebil And Its Suburb Believe That Ali GGod Regards Him” Was Appointed On Norooz Day As The Muslims First Leader After Mohammad. Norooz Is The Ceremony Of The Beginning Of Nature Circular. It Was Traditional In Past That People Did Ceremony At The Beginning Of Each Month Too But The Ceremony Of The Farvardin First (March 20/21) Was More Spacious. Due To Special Conditions In Norooz, There Are Many Beliefs And Ceremonies Like Greenery The Grass, To Paint Eggs, To Pastry, Etc Which Are Performed All Over The Country. The Haft Seen (Seven Items With The First Alphabet Of “S” Put On A Tablecloth) Is Also One Of This Traditions Which Is Ofcourse Hasht Seen (8 Items) In Some Places. One Upon A Time In Persian Language, There Was Haft Mim (Seven Items Beginning With “M”) Like Gathering Hen (Morgh), Fish (Mahi), Etc On A Tablecloth. There Are Some Games And Plays During Norooz Too. For Instance, Amir Bahari Piece Or Norooz Seyr In North And West Of The Country. These Plays Lasted For 13 Days From The First Day Of Farvardin (March 20/21) To The 13th Of Same Month. On The Day 13th, There Is A ceremony Called Sizdahbedar. Norooz Start From Chahar Shanbeh Souri And Lasted Till Sizdahbedar. People Go To Green Nature On Sizdahbedar. Mehregan Ceremony Once Upon A Time, There Was Tradition That In Such A Day, People Sent Something To The King As Present. The King Put On A Fur Cloth And Then Put On The Summer Cloths And If There Was A Baby Who Was Born This Day, Parents Named Him Such That There Must Have Been The Word “Mehr” Within His/Her Name Which Means Love. In Some Of Zoroastrian Villages, People Still Victimize Mutton For Izad Mehr (God) In This Day. This Mutton Must Be Avowed To “Mad Izad” When Born And After Being Grilled In A Oven, Must Be Put On A Tripod Dish As A Symbol For “Goftar Nik (Good Speech), Kerdar Nik (Good Behavour), Pendar Nik (Good Thought)” And Then Take It Alongwith Some Rump And Skin To The Flame Shrine. Yalda Ceremony In The First Night Of Dey (December 22/23) Which Is The Longest Night Of Year And The Zayesh Mehr (Sun Born), People Wake And Eat Summer Fruits With Joy. Incase There Are Some Nominee Boys And Girls In Khorasan And Azerbaijan Villages, The Boys’ Family Send A Present To Girls’. People Wake Till Morning In Kerman Waiting For The Legendary Rich Qaroon Who Makes Himself Like A Woodchopper And Gives Wood To The Poor People (These Woods Convert To Gold Later). It Is Traditional That People Not Only Eat Nuts And Fruits, But Also Make Some Auspices Through Hafez (The Great Poet Of Iran) Poems. The Ceremonies Which Are Performed During A Moon Year These Ceremonies Are Mostly Islamic And Religious. Like The Ceremonies Of Moharram And Safar, Birthday Of Mohammad The Messanger, Birthday Of Ali The Leader, Be’Sat Aid (The Day In Which Mohammad Was Appointed As Messanger Of God), Birthday Of Shiaa Last Leader, Martyrdom Of Ali, Fitr Aid (The Last Day Of Ramadan), Ghadir Day (The Day In Which Ali Was Appointed As The Deputy Of Mohammad). The Fitr Aid And Ghorban Aid Are More Gloriously Performed In Sonni Muslems Which Are Usually Living In Turkman Sahra, Kordestan And Baloochestan Provinces. The Moharram Ceremony: This Ceremony Is Very Varied And All Kinds Of People Participate In It. There Are Different Groups Who Manage And Administrate Performance Of This Ceremony, Which Including Panegyric Lectures, Management Of The Squadrons Of People Who Demonstrate For Imam Husain (the Third Leader Of Sheaa), Jeremiad & Elegy, The Place Of Jeremiad & Elegy. Panegyric Lectures This Ceremony Has Come From History And Reffers To Karbala Events (The Martyrdom Of Imam Husain) Which Is Performed In Masques And Some Limited Places Called Husainiah. The Method Of Informing People About Panegyric Lectures Is Different. Unfurling A Flag At The House Door Or Inviting People By A Representative From Beneficent Side Who Goes To Others House And Presents The Landlords Some Coffee That Is Inside A Handkerchief. Incase The Landlord Take The Coffee, He Has Accepted The Invitation Even If The Beneficent Is His Enemy.
Management Of Squadrons Of The People It Is One Of The Most Famous Ceremonies In Moharram, Which Has Several Aspects. Chest Hitting, To Hit With Small Chain On The Shoulder, The Strangers’ Supper, The Bani Asad Race Ceremony, The Symbolic Signs That People Carry During This Ceremony Are Very Important. Ofcourse These Symbolic Signs Are Different Together In Various Squadrons Of The People. The Symbolic Signs Which Are Carried By The Squadrons Of The People Included Of: Beyragh: Which Is The Simplest And The Most Popular Symbolic Sign Reffers To Abbas (The Bother Of Imam Husain) Katibeh: Which Is A Piece Of Cloth Installed On Two Wooden Lugs And Carries In Front Of The Squadrons Of The People. Alam: Which Is A Piece Of Wood Or Iron Covered With A Black Cloth. Hesagonal Or Shesh Gosh: Which Is A Mass In Hesagonal Shape As The Symbol Of Imam Husain’ Tomb. Kotal: Which Is A Lug Covered By A Cloth. Nakhl: Which Is A Mass Of A Pentangle Shape Covered By Cloth And Mirror. The Amir Chakhmagh Nakhl Is The Biggest One In Iran And Is Located At Yazd. In Central Of Iran It Is Very Popular And People Deeply Believe In It. The Nakhl Only Carries On Ashura (10th Day Of Moharram) And Is As A Symbol Of Imam Husain’ Coffin. Chehelcheragh (Candelabrum): Which Is A Complex Of Lanterns (Ofcourse Nowadays People Use Electrical Lumps) That Are In A Triangle Shape On Which Installs Lumps Or Lanterns. Sham Ghariban (The Strangers’ Supper Ceremony) It Is Performed In The Evening Of Ashura, In Which People Lighten Candles And Move In Streets And Alleys Singing Jeremiad & Elegy. The Bani Asad Race Ceremony It Is Said In History That The Bani Asad Race Who Lived Near To Karbala (The Place Of Imam Husain Martyrdom) Buried The Body Of Martyrs In Third Days After Their Martyrdom. There Ceremony Is In Such A Way That A Group In White Cloth Demonstrate While Each One Carries A Shovel In Hand As A Symbol. Historic Drama It Is A Religious Play In A Specified Limit Which Is A Show Of Moharram Events. To Perform Such Play Needs Some Facilities Such As A Historic Drama Singer, Instruments Of Historic Drama Performance, A Place For Performance. Instruments: Including Clothes That Are Two Kinds, One For Sympathetic Artists And The Other For Defiant Artists. Weapons That Are Two Kinds Again, The Defiant Artists Use Bow And Arrow Plus Knife And Spear And The Sympathetic Artists Use Shield And Sword. Musical Instruments That Are Trumpet, Drum And Cymbal. The Instruments Of Historic Drama Are Not Being Decorated But To Show Some Reality, The Administrators Use Some Symbols Like Shroud, Horse, The Pages On Which Scenario Of The Historic Drama Has Been Written, Etc. Performance Place: This Historic Drama Is Usually Performed At Mosques And Husainiahs Or Tekiehs (Which AreThe Same Husainiah Without Roof). Ofcourse There Are Some Tekiah With Roof. The Ceremonies Performed During Lifetime From Birth To Death There Are Some Ceremonies Which Some Refer To The Boys And Some To The Girls. Some Is In Childhood And Some In Adoultry. Some For Survivors And Some For Deads. Childhood Ceremony For Instance To Pierce The Ears Of A Girl And Or To Circumcise A Boy. There Is A Ceremony For Boys Called Aghighah In Which A Mutton That Is Victimized And Cooked, Completely Buried In A Place. Another Ceremony Is Shab Sheshom (Sixth Night) That Is Performed For A New Born Baby In Which Each Baby Is Under AL Threatening. AL Is An Unrealistic Existence That Hurt Baby Or His/Her Mother So To Defend Against AL, All Family Gather And Do Not Lay The Baby On Earth. In The Same Night, Baby Is Entitled. MarriageCeremony This Ceremony Has Got Some Rules: 1. To Suitor, 2. Kharj Bori (Spending Money) In Which The Groom His Father With Some Of His Family Goes To Bride Home To Clarify Dowry And An Amount Which Must Be Paid To The Bride’s Parent For Nurture Called Shirbaha, 3. Espousing, In Some Places, Women Take Some Confections In A Silk Handkerchief For Women Who Must Be Invited In A Yell And Joy Manner And Incase The Invited Take The Handkerchief Means That They Have Accepted The Invitation, 4. Jahaz (Dowry) Which Is Still In Some Parts Of Country Carried By Trays To Groom’s Home. Moreover The Brid’s Family Buy Suit Cloth For Groom And His Family. 5. Hanabandan (Henna): Two Days Before Marriage Happens. The Grooms Family Prepare Seven Or Eight Silver Or Brass Glass Full Of Henna And Put A Gold Or Silver Coin On Each One And Lighter Some Colored Candle Around It And Then Take It To The Bride’s Home. In Some Parts Of Iran, On Marriage Day, In The Morning, While Groomsmen Are Alongwith Him People Perform The Same Ceremony For The Groom Also. 6. Taking Bride Ceremony (Aroos Baran):Which Is To Accompany The Bride Until Groom’s Home While Neighbors Pour Confetti And Fresh Fruits On Her Head . Taking Groom’s Is Only Performed In Barez A Suburb Of Kerman. 7. Pagosha Ceremony In Which All Families From Both Sides Gather In Groom Home In Order To Be aquatint And Also Take Some Presents For Groom And Bride For Their Happiness.
DeathCeremony There Are Ceremonies Like Burial And Shrouding, Third Night, Seventh Night, And Fortieth Night. In Our Traditional Societies Specially In Villages, People Usually Gather In Unit To Help The Mournful Supply The Provisions Of Ceremonies. In Some Villages, In The Home Of Mournful Should Not Fire Any Oven. Other Ceremonies For Instance, We entitle Some Of The Ceremonies Here: 1. As Per Traditional Calendar, In Winter Iranian Families Gather And Perform Some Ceremonies Like Cheleh Bozorg (Big Fortieth) And Cheleh Kochak (Smal Fortieth). 2. While Croppering, There Is A Ceremony In Which People Sing Songs. 3. The Washing Carpet Ceremony Is Performed During The First Half Of Mehr (September 20 To October 8) In Mashhad For Reminiscence Of Imam Reza Martyrdom By Taking Rosewater Ceremony In Kashan Villages. 4. In Some Parts Of Our Country There Are Ceremonies That Proprietarily Performed Over There Only Like: 4,1. East Azerbaijan: The Aid Ghorban Ceremony Which Is Performed In Alamdar Mountain Located In Marand, Another Ceremony Of Daravish Ahl Hagh (Hermits) Is Performed In Ilakhchi Near To Tabriz And Chahar Shanbeh Souri In Maragheh. 4,2. West Azerbaijan: The Grape Celebration In Uromiah, Norooz Celebration In Mahabad, The Easter Of Ashourians In Uromiah, The Summer Beginning Ceremony In Makoo Church Are Other Ceremonies. 4,3. Isfahan: The Washing Carpet Ceremony In Mashhad, Aid Ghorban And Camel Victimizing In Kashan, Taking Rosewater And Picking Up Flowers In Ghamasar Kashan During Second Half Of Ordibehesht (May 5 to 20) And Khordad (June 5 to 20), Aroos Ghanat (Aqueduct Bride) Ceremony In Golpaygan In Which A Woman Become The Wife Of A Aqueduct For More Productivity. 4,4. Bushir: The Ceremony That While Launching Boats, A Musical Group Play Local Music, Moharram Ceremony Special For Bushir, Zar Ceremony (Zar Is A Musical Movement Which Is Used For Recovery Of Psychological Illness. 4,5. Khorasan: Playing Timpani And Other Religious Ceremonies In Imam Reza Sanctuary, New Year Ceremony In Imam Reza Sanctuary, Mir Noroozi Ceremony In Esfarayen, Mir Noroozi Ceremony In Gonabad, Towing Ceremony In Taibad And Foagh. 4,6. Fars: New Year Ceremony In Shah Cheragh (The King Of Lumps) Sanctuary, Turk Bazi (Play Turk) And Marriage (Specially Ghashghaee Tribe) In Fars Province. 4,7. Kordestan: The Meditation Ceremony Od Daravish, Molodi Khani Ceremony (Singing In Birthday) On Birthday Of Mohammad The Messenger And Ali The First Leader. 4,8. Kerman: The Sedeh Ceremony (New Year) Of Zoroastrians, Taking Groom Ceremony In Jiroft And Ba’m. 4,9. Gilan: Alam And Amini Ceremony Which Is Performed From Lahijan To Kalachai In The Middle Of Summer, This Ceremony Is A Kind Of Thankfulness Of God For Harvesting The Agricultural Products Which Is Performed After Noon Prayer In A Friday Before Harvest, Varza (Bull) War, Wrestling Of Gilan Men. 4,10. Mazandaran: ParKhan Ceremony, Which Is A Kind Of Treatment With Music (Also Performed In Turkman Sahra), Aroos Ghazagh (Ghazagh Bride) In Gonbad And Gorgan, Agh Ghoyon Ceremony Which Is Performed For A Man Who Become 63 Years Old. 4,11. Yazd: Moharram Ceremony, The Zoroastrians Ceremony In Shrine Of Pir Sabz (Green Elder) In Ardakan, The Zoroastrians Sedeh Ceremony In Yazd, Pir Sabz Ceremony Which Is Performed In The First Five Days Of Summer In Ardakan. This Shrine Is Located In 80 km East Of Ardakan In The Middle Of Desert On Top Of A Mountain. The Zoroastrians Gather There To Perform Their Ceremony. Markets Interim Markets: One Day In A Week Or One Day/Few Days In A Year Are Performed For Exchanging The Goods And Selling/Buying Agricultural/Bestial/Hens Products Or Handcrafts In Some Special Places. We Can Divide Them In To Two Kinds Basis Their Time, Extension And People: 1. Weekly Markets: They Are Nominated By The Day Names Like Shanbeh Bazar (Saturday Market). These Are Complex Of Few Villages. Some Of The Locations In Iran That Still Have Such Markets Are Gilan, Mazandaran, Azerbaijan And Khozestan. These Are Village Markets And Kinds Of Villagers Have Economical Activities In Them. Pileh Varan (Gypsies) Also Work During These Markets Time. 2. Yearly Markets: Are The Markets That In Every Year For One Or More Days Are Operated In A Specified Time And Place And Their Activity Extension Is More Than Weekly Markets. Usually There Are So Many Visitors Over There And Also There Are Some Entertaining Plays Besides Them. To Arrange Such Plays Is One Of The Main Arrangements During Makkareh Bazar (These Markets) Which Refers To 100 Years Ago. Some Of These Markets Are As Below: 2,1. The Market Which Operated During Alam & Ajin Ceremony In Deylaman And Gilan In The Middle Of Summer. 2,2. The Markets That Open In Mordad 26 (August 17/17) In Shigah Mazandaran. 2,3. Bazar Hasan Reza Which Is Opened Near To The Son Of Leader (Hasan Reza) Sanctuary At Joybar And Mazandaran In The Middle Of Summer. 2,4. The Markets Which Are Opened During Washing Carpets Ceremony. They Are Just Like Their Ceremony, In One Day Performance. 2,5. The Market That Opens Near To The Son Of Leader (Ali Abbas) Sanctuary In Kashan. 2,6. The Market That Opens Near The Son Of Leader (Seyed Gholam Rasool) Sanctuary In Chabahar And Is Specified For Shiaa Religious. 2,7. The Market That Is Opened During Pir Sabz Ardakan Ceremony On The Firstly Five Days Of Tir (June 22 to 27) And Is Only For Zoroastrians. 2,8. The Market Which Opens Near To Ghareh Kelisa (Black Church) In Makoo During First Days Of Summer And Is Only For Christians.
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